And yet, everybody, right through that, thinks you shouldnt pick your nose in public and flick it at people. Enjoy a performance in our Elizabethan theater and come face to face with a First Foliothe first printed edition of Shakespeares plays. You have a lot of room to express yourself within that. Home to the worlds largest Shakespeare collection, the Folger is dedicated to advancing knowledge and the arts. We know that there was some really dreadful behavior by some people, or by people who were living in such slum conditions, that they had very little option. But as you touched on a little bit, earlier, reputation was so important at the time that these words had tremendous power. GOODMAN: Yeah, its funny, isnt it? But why was this period so successful? Im Michael Witmore, the Folgers director. Shadow of Night (All Souls, #2) by. A special secret language for conmen?! But many men in the audience would have seen his point. The period is often referred to as a 'Golden Age' of history: England became a major European power in politics, exploration, trade and the arts, while Elizabeth I's long rule created stability after the shorter, tumultuous rules of her siblings, Edward VI and Mary I. Why was Charles' Marriage to Henrietta Maria so controversial? GOODMAN: Consideration for your fellow diners, so youre supposed to take from the bit thats nearest you, youre not supposed to reach across and grab a bit from the other side. Author Referencing Information, Alchin, L.K. The Elizabethan era was a period during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I from 1558-1603. Shakespeare's life also overlapped with the Jacobean Era (1603-1625). During Queen Elizabeth's rein of England in 1558,she kept peace by accepting different arts and literature into the nation such as Shakespeare's famous play "Romeo and Juliet".The social system in which the Elizabethan Era was carried out in still exists in modern Britain, although slightly altered to accommodate modern society. During this era England experienced peace and prosperity while the arts flourished. The most dreadful punishment of being Hung, Drawn and Quartered was described by William Harrison as:"The greatest and most grievous punishment used in England for such as offend against the State is drawing from the prison to the place of execution upon an hurdle or sled, where they are hanged till they be half dead, and then taken down, and quartered alive; after that, their members and bowels are cut from their bodies, and thrown into a fire, provided near hand and within their own sight, even for the same purpose." I think that feeling has been going on for a long, long time. I suspect, people being people, it was much the same. In some ways, not. In the Elizabethan era, England and the wider world saw much change. The Globe Theatre was built, and hosted its first show; Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare. There were only male actors, with younger men playing the female parts, and the sets were utterly blank of scenery. The Elizabethan Era was known as the 'Golden Age' due to the mass expansion of arts and culture. Queen Elizabeth was known as the 'Virgin Queen, and had no heir across her forty-four year reign. That changed the way everybody behaved, it changed the nature of language, it changed the nature of bowing, it changed the nature of dressing and moving in the streets, it changed all sorts of basic social rules. How to Behave Badly in Elizabethan England: A Guide for Knaves, Fools, Harlots, Cuckolds, Drunkards, Liars, Thieves, and Braggarts covers all the things we dont talk about in polite company, including dirty words, bad manners, criminal conduct, and sex. In 1555 the Protestant bishops Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, and John Hooper . Probably makes too much of it, hes probably deeply officious and I think that comes through, doesnt it, his officiousness? In the meantime, find us online and on the road. The Justice of the Peace for each town parish was allowed to collect a tax from those who owned land in the town. Based on the 43 Articles (1553), and defined the Church in its entirety. BOGAEV: A turd in your Was that a phrase, like, hes so ugly? Like, he has a turd in his teeth? Or was it a curse? We all have differing behaviors that we exhibit at different times, and of course the manners books tend to concentrate, not just upon elite people, but also upon elite situations, so that we get references scattered across quite a lot of literature, actually, of gentlemen who could probably be very controlled when they need to be, very, very precise and positively prudish, about not wiping their hands in public, et cetera, et cetera, but may have behaved in a rather laxer way in other spaces. God had chosen the Monarch, and they had the ability to grant / remove power from those below. The popular writers and poets of the Elizabethan Age include William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, Christopher Marlowe and Edmund Spenser. And they cover such a range of behaviors, and they move from the merely suggestive. I mean its as if theres a set of things that change every five minutes and another set of things that remain solid for centuries. William Shakespeare is recognised as one of the most talented writers in all of English History. Deepen your understanding of his works and their cultural influence. The Elizabethan Era saw opportunities that had not been seen before, and people were able to begin to rise up. GOODMAN: There were many words for stupidity. GOODMAN: Its pretty bad. Weekly . Then it starts to slide further in time, and it becomes somebody who is not only stupid and ill-educated, but perhaps a little immoral and dishonest, and its that set of meanings that we hit the Elizabethan era and Shakespeare, at a moment in which the word knave has slid down the social scale and has come to mean someone untrustworthy, someone who might turn into a thief, somebody who is worthless. Between 1558 and 1603; the reign of Elizabeth I. That is the unholy trinity that you draw from. GOODMAN: Thank you for letting me talk. There was those bestial behaviors youre talking about, sexually transmitted diseases, personal hygiene. [LAUGHTER]. What was the significance of clothing during the Elizabethan Era? Firefighting at the time was not very effective. King James VI of Scotland and Mary of Guise. His wars with the Dutch and his tolerance for Catholics. Law, Order, Government The punishment by beheading therefore even continued after 'death'. And Shakespeare and other playwrights of the time, they borrowed so much from the lingo of criminals. Maybe a court, and elite people, right, what was proper for them, because not everybody acted this way, and Im thinking, and again, not always the best to go to playwrights, but Shakespeare showed men pretending to pee by turning their backs, and it was a very lucky convention, too. The Elizabethan government made begging a serious crime. It was believed that all living creatures were associated with the stars. Its just not done, you know? This prevented a future monarch from undergoing a period of 'personal rule' as Charles did. Anyone who needed to travel to earn their living, such as actors, were treated with suspicion and could therefore be expected to be accused of crimes. MINOR CRIME AND PUNISHMENTMinor crime and punishment in small Elizabethan towns were dealt with by the Justice of the Peace. Because of these court records, because of the ballads you looked at, because theres a paper trail. But at a wedding, it still does. The Elizabethan era in the 16th century was one of adventure, intrigue, personalities, plots and power struggles. Find out whats on, read our latest stories, and learn how you can get involved. She is interviewed by Barbara Bogaev. PUNISHMENT BY BEHEADING - THE UPPER CLASSESThe punishment of Death by the axe was a terrifying prospect. My Speech Of Insultment Ended On His Dead Body was produced by Richard Paul. It just shows, you know, are you somebody established within this, do you know the rules of this social situation in this social place? They were open air theatres, and relied on the 'fourth wall' of the audience for interaction. You know, so, theres a sort of two tier thing going on. He worked with and was part-owner of the theatre company The Lord Chamberlain's Men, and became a part owner of the Globe Theatre. How many other British monarchs (apart from Charles I) were executed? There were strong winds, allowing the fire to cover large distances quickly. To call him an ass is not just to call him personally an ass, but its to call his office an ass, and its to call that sort of position, not just the person But on the other hand he is an officious idiot. BOGAEV: Exactly. The Nobles - upper class and the lower class - everyone else. In . Which Parliament invited Charles back to become king in 1660? - Parliament had to sit for at least five months of the year and, every three years, had to be reelected by the Gentry. Sermons and books written during the Elizabethan era encouraged women to be silent and obedient to male authority, whether that of their father or their husband. What nation was involved in The Bishop Wars against the Royalist forces? The most common crimes of the Nobility included: high treason, blasphemy, sedition, spying, rebellion, alchemy, murder and witchcraft. The time period is named after Queen Elizabeth I who ruled England during this time. Always at the hip, the pivot of the hip. The Elizabethan Era ran between 1558 and 1603 under the reign of Elizabeth I. Taking birds eggs was also deemed to be a crime and could result in the death sentence. God had decided that you deserved that position, and you had to accept that. We hope you are enjoying Shakespeare Unlimited. The Nobility only made up a tiny proportion of the population at the time. Treaty of Edinburgh between England and Scotland. Its more like a genuflection that you might see within the Catholic Church than anything else. Since at that time England was divided into three classes, punishment would vary according to the class. GOODMAN: I think its just the most enormous fun. Fashion strongly reflected your class situation. 2. BOGAEV: Theres a whole other category of nasty speech that we havent talked about and thats the language of conmen and thieves. All rights reserved. Needless to say, it would've been more than just frowned upon it would have been outright blasphemy. It sounds quite prudish. And was that, likeencouraged? One of these includes Astrology. A saucy fellow is somebody whos going to talk back all the time, who doesnt accept his place, whos always pushing against boundaries and being disrespectful. Please consider reviewing the podcasts on whatever platform you get the podcast from. The most common crimes were: Theft for stealing anything over 5 pence resulted in hanging - a terrible price to pay for poor people who were starving. They had no free will or control over their life. These were doubly good grounds for covering up suicides. BOGAEV: Money in the bank. Shakespeare lived from 1567 to 1616. The buildings shared close proximity to each other, allowing for the fire to jump from building to building. Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis between England and France. Country bumpkins carried on using that, because thats what theyd grown up with, whereas in court, and London, a much more French-ified thing was coming in that was much more about the diagonal. To provide France with troops and to convert to Catholicism. GOODMAN: Doesnt it just? Setting down horse salesmen [LAUGH] who would rub in colored waxes and all sorts of fake things to make it look like a decent horse, when actually theyre selling you a broken-down nag. The murder rate in Elizabethan England was about 1 in 10,000; by comparison it is now 1 in 100,000. What form of Christianity did Oliver Cromwell follow? The Elizabethan age is considered to be a time of English renaissance that inspired national pride . The term, "Elizabethan Era" refers to the English history of Queen Elizabeth I's reign (1558-1603). You write that what people commonly got in trouble for saying was something as short as, maybe, it looks like five words, a turd in your teeth. [LAUGH]. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. The Interregnum: a period of time where there was no monarchy, and the country was instead run as a republic. BOGAEV: Well, here, theres all of this language to delineate and really accuse women of bad behavior. BOGAEV: Yeah, I mean, what could be more colorful, right? BOGAEV: Well, that makes sense, then, why theres so many words for prostitute. And also, he made up a lot of words, and you say that that was considered very bad form, to ever repeat one of those made-up words. Scholars and historians often refer to him being a part of the Elizabethan Era, the period of English history d uring the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, which lasted from 1558 - 1603, and was itself part of the larger Tudor Period. George Gascoigne [1535 - 1577] - Elizabethan Literature. Certainly, it was cheap, accessible entertainment. It was edited by Gail Kern Paster. You know? The Act of Supremacy This made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church. Its not just about social class, its also about a worldview. Support us to bring Shakespeare and his world to life for everyone. A Defendant's chances in receiving any acquittal in court extremely slim. Why did Parliament introduce the 'Petition of Right'? Charles also had his money-making schemes ruled upon under the Triennial Act, such as ship money and forced loans. They might not, Ive gone and read all the books, but somehow they just know what theyre seeing. The Elizabethan Era was known as the 'Golden Age' of English History. The stars were looked at in an attempt to predict a person's future and help them in the present. Interesting Facts and Information about Elizabethan England and Elizabethan Crime and PunishmentSome interesting facts and information about Elizabethan England and Elizabethan Crime and Punishment. Executioners sometimes showed mercy to their victims by placing gunpowder at the base of the stake which helped the victims to a swifter, and less painful, death. And this comes down to the basic point, a womans worth was in her chastity within marriage, and anything that stepped outside of that was bad. Punishment would vary according to each of these classes. a suicide. We talked with Goodman about what bad behavior can tell us about Shakespeares world and about our society today. The first playhouse was built in 1576 by actor James Burbage, called 'The Theatre'. That theyre dishonest, but theyre sort of oiling their way into peoples favors. Every time the Oxford English Dictionary gets updated and a whole load of new words go in, theres a flurry in the newspapers about, Oh, its dreadful, dreadful it is. Theres no finesse, no elegance to it, its just, bang! Introduction is comprises of history and common crimes occurred in this era. Straight, to the point. He produced most of his most famous works between 1589 and 1613. That is many peoples introduction to Shakespeare, is curses, but I was kind of surprised that your section on offensive speech didnt contain anywhere near as many new words and insult phrases like you do find in the plays. And there is a sort of shade of meanings. Courtly love described the attempts men would go to win over women. Its not only bowing, but its also whether you blow your nose or you pass gas or something at the wrong moment. Or are you somebody whos all awash and at sea and completely out of their depth? . Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) was an English playwright, poet, and translator of the Elizabethan era. The Elizabethan Age lasted from 1558 to 1603. In the Elizabethan era there was not only the social shame attached - including the refusal of normal church burial - but also the more mundane consequence that a suicide's goods were forfeit to the Crown. Clearly, there were badly behaved people at every point. It opened Britain up to new and radical ideas that it had never seen before regarding politics and relgion. The term 'Supreme Head' was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. Life was still tough for those low down, but there were new opportunities to progress. Religion was one of the cornerstones of the Early Modern Period and defined the relationships people had with all aspects of life. Punishment for poaching crimes differed according to when the crime was committed - Poaching at night resulted in the punishment by death, whereas poaching during the day time did not. She was interviewed by Barbara Bogaev. Strangers were treated with suspicion and risked being accused of crimes and suffered the appropriate punishment. Gascoigne was the first ever poet to portray Queen Elizabeth as a deity. And Im glad you mention that because you say, theres one question of, how did people acquire a gentlemanly style of speech? Just being accused of one of the serious crimes could well result in torture. The ghost can be seen as projecting several functions throughout the play, all of which are vital to the play's . Published October 30, 2018. We have all these words, though, for prostitute or sex worker, but when you look at the range of sex, there were surprisingly so few words or phrases to describe it, especially aberrant sexual practices. Despite the heights achieved during the era, less than 40 years after the death of Elizabeth the country was to descend . Elizabeth I was born a princess but declared illegitimate through political machinations.. Thats not a proper word [LAUGHS]. An actors standing in Elizabethan England was only slightly higher than a beggar, vagabond or a thief. I want to thank you [LAUGH] very much for it. Being burnt at the stake was a terrible death. Entertainment, such as the performing arts, became incredibly popular over her reign, as well as poetry and painting. [22] She was saved by the intervention of Thomas Thynne, 1st Marquess of Bath, who happened to be passing. Many punishments and executions were witnessed by many hundreds of people. BARBARA BOGAEV: Well, first off, you win Best Attention-Grabbing Book Title. Elizabethan Era Law and Punishment By: Tara Campbell & Amy Kwon & Lukus Kantor Introduction Elizabethan England was split into two categories. In which year was Mary Queen of Scots born? Charles II kept dissolving Parliament, so it could not be passed through. Its actually quite a clean and innocent phrase. Or at the very least, punched in the face. Some peoples standards of housekeeping were high, and some peoples standards of housekeeping were abysmal, and that sort of spread of people-will-be-people was there in the past, just as it is in the present. Anhistorian of British social and domestic life, she has hosted a number of BBC TV series, including Tudor Monastery Farm. GOODMAN: Absolutely, and I think there might have been quite a sympathy for Dogberry, almost, at that point. Tell us more about that, and how big a deal was it not to bow when you were supposed to? Why did Parliament want to exclude James, Duke of York, from the throne? And I think perhaps thats what my historical perspective is, that we can get very cross sometimes about the things that float on the surface, and we forget that theres this base layer of agreed behavior that sits at the bottom that everybody does still buy into. The concept of incarcerating a person as punishment for a crime was a relatively novel idea at the time. Adopt this style. We had technical help from Andrew Feliciano and Paul Luke at Voice Trax West in Studio City, California and Aidan Lyons at the Sound Company in London. How about a varlet? BOGAEV: That religious element, thats what removes it so far from our times. BOGAEV: Thats true, but it could mean that we make as historians, Im not including myself in that, but one can make too much of the bad behavior, because its all youre reading about. I mean theres an awful lot of literature telling wealthy young boys, who you would expect to be in a position of great power, to show respect to poorer men and women, who would necessarily be of lower social status. But the difference is, of course, that people in the late 16th and early 17th century were rarely eating off their own plate. GOODMAN: I think, rather like modern society, there are always people who want to live by the rules, and there are always people who dont.

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