About 200 years ago, it was possible to meet here herds of rhinoceroses, giraffes, elephants and many others, now their number has sharply decreased. The trees here grow up to a height of about 15m. Due Date Based On Implantation Bleeding, Feinstein Wildfire Bill, vegetation-type known as derived savanna. Here, rainfall decreases between 500-1000 mm per year. Reasons why you shouldn't go to study in Canada, Fidelity Bank USSD Transfer Code (everything you need to know). Nigeria currently has two broad belts of vegetation. A, PROBLEMS OF MINERAL EXPLOITATION IN NIGERIA AND SOLUTIONS, PROBLEMS OF AIR TRANSPORTATION IN NIGERIA AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS, ETHNIC CONFLICT IN NIGERIA: CAUSES AND SOLUTION, 10 MAJOR CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA AND SOLUTIONS. The wetland has a unique assemblage of plant and animal species that are important for the maintenance of biological diversity. This vegetation zone can be likened to the storehouse of biological diversity that serves as a suitable habitat for plants and some rare, endangered animals. A map of Nigeria showing the six ecological Zones. [3], Many large mammals are native to the Sudanian savanna, including African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), northern giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus derbianus), roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer brachyceros), lion (Panthera leo), leopard (Panthera pardus) cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), and African wild dog (Lycaon pictus). A section of Taraba State is in this region. You can also find farmers and nomadic farmers who rear livestock such as goats, sheep, and cattle. Trees with a height of 40-45 m form the first upper tier. It is defined as the ecoclimatic and biogeographic realm of transition between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian savanna to the south. It is recognizable by the tall elephant grass where many large mammals are found. Trees in these rainforests can grow as tall as 45 meters and make up the largest parts of forest reserves in the country. The Sudan extends in some 5,000 km in a band several hundred kilometres wide across Africa. The trees are usually tall and in the middle layer of this vegetation the tree has branches and has an average height of 30m. Here, short grass abounds but trees are much fewer than that of the Guinea Savannah. Fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. Nigeria has trees on its coastal South where rainfall is higher, usually above 1600mm per annum. Much of the Sudanian savanna region is used in the form of parklands, where useful trees, such as shea, baobab, locust-bean tree and others are spared from cutting, while sorghum, maize, millet or other crops are cultivated beneath. The savanna aside from being home to animals also serves as the site for tourist attractions. The vegetation in this zone largely depends on the coastal location of the region. Updates? Also, many scoter, majestic flamingos, kingfishers, and lazy pelicans. Vegetation reflects environmental conditions, so we need to be very attentive to the changes, especially radical ones. These are the Mangrove Swamp, Rainforest, Derived savanna, Guinea savanna, Sudan savanna and Sahel savanna zones. Then in the mid dry season, there is a smoke screen over the savanna. The states of Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Zamfara, Sokoto, and Kebbi are found in this zone. Across the three ecozones, about 85% of fields planted to maize and sorghum were infested with S. hermonthica and 81% of cowpea fields with S. gesenerioides. After the Nubian empire had been overrun by Muslims, it was replaced by kingdoms such as those of Dongola, Darfur, and Funj. This is mostly on the eastern edge of Taraba State, close to the Cameroonian border. Freshwater is abundant in this area. How to send and receive money through PayPal in Nigeria: is it available? Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 116(3-4), 251-254. In the Sudan savanna, early season and terminal drought conditions are almost an annual event (Onyibe et al., 2006). Here is a look at the different Nigerian vegetation zones and their characteristics. Just as the climate and temperature are not the same in every part of the country, so are the plants and animals that live in that environment. Examples of plants you will see in this vegetation are Ngibbi, Leptadenia, Acacia raddiana, and African myrrh etc. Jos Plateau is one of the highest points in Nigeria, so it makes sense for the area to have this Montane vegetation. Sudan Savanna In Nigeria, Vegetation ranges from semidesert steppe and thorn scrub near the Sahara through vast grass plains, loosely termed savannas, to parkland country where low trees grow among tall grasses, and savanna forest that merges ultimately into equatorial rain forest. The northern reaches of the Sudan comprise the semiarid region known as the Sahel. 2. Its leaves feed animals during the period of dryness. They include: In most parts of the country, there are a lot of rainforests. Vegetation belts show the clear connection between climate and plants. N/A means data is not available at this time. Crop cultivation in this vegetation zone is nearly impossible due to the amount of rainfall recover yearly. There are three major savannahs in Nigeria. The solid stemmed bamboo Oxytenanthera abyssinica is prominent in the western river valleys of Ethiopia. Register or login to receive notifications when there's a reply to your comment or update on this information. And it is suitable for rearing grazing animals like cattle and sheep. A few of them have twisted trunks. You can find the Nigerian Sahel savanna in parts of the Yobe and Borno states. This zone is potentially perfect for growing of rich crops of different vegetables and small grain crops, and just a good place for pastures. The desert region in the north is followed southeastward by semidesert, low-rainfall and high-rainfall savanna (grassland) with inland floodplains, and mountain vegetation regions. (2003). Sudan Savanna Below there is the map of Nigeria showing vegetation belts. Sudan Savanna: This vegetation belt is found in Sokoto, Kastina, Kaduna, Kano, Dutse, Bauchi, etc. The trees in the Guinea savanna are also deciduous with obvious hard barks. The main threats to the species of the ecoregion come from overgrazing, for example in Dinder National Park, and in the case of large animals, over-hunting for meat or poaching. The following objectives were used, which are to: i. Analyze rainfall trend in the. The Sudanian savanna is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Ethiopian Highlands in the east. selected risk assessment techniques; plant uptake factor (PUF), soil-plant transfer coefficient (TC) and translocation factor (TF) of Pb and The effects of N fertilization on water use efficiency (WUE) and physiological and yield traits of sorghum were investigated in two locations over two cropping seasons (2014 and 2015) in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria. The Guinea Savannah features a large mixture of trees and grass. Other common plants include the African myrrh, Acacia, and Ngibbi. Typical trees in the western block of the ecoregion include Anogeissus leiocarpus, Kigelia aethiopica, Vachellia seyal, and species of Combretum and Terminalia. Both blocks of the ecoregion closely resemble the West Sudanian Savanna ecoregion in habitat and species composition. Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Physical Development. Late-round Rookie Dynasty Sleepers 2021, Such giants with powerful tree-shaped roots, diverging from the base of the trunk, are not afraid of the elemental forces of nature. The level of infestation of cereal fields by S. hermonthica was in the order of Sudan savanna > Northern Guinea > Southern Guinea. There is a wide range of agro-ecological regions in SSA, including three major zones: moist savanna, Sudan savanna, and mid-altitude zones, representing respectively 29%, 31%, and 40% of the total cropland in SSA. There are various vegetation zones in Nigeria, all determined by the prevailing climatic conditions across different parts of the country. Infestation of cowpea with S. gesnerioides was in the order of Northern Guinea savanna > Sudan savanna > Southern Guinea savanna. They hardly grow higher than 10m and are prone to destruction by cultivation, clearing and bush burning. The states of Borno and Yobe are in this vegetation zone. The Guinea savanna is known to have a few dispersed tall trees. The principal rivers include the Sngal and the Niger, draining to the Atlantic, and the Nile and its tributaries, which derive much of their water from areas beyond the Sudan region. The biggest trees amongst them are more than 6, Covering the North-West and almost the entire North of Nigeria and the borders of Niger Republic is the Sudan Savannah. Nigeria is located in Western Africa. On The Run: Essential Strategies For Marketing Your New Fitness Gym. Protected areas A 2017 assessment found that 107,116 km, or 16%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. The Niger Delta is widely considered one of the richest ecosystems in the world. Feinstein Wildfire Bill, [4], The Sudanian savanna is used by both pastoralists and farmers. 2023 Met Gala: Burna Boy and Tems make fashionable debut as they attend prestigious event, Photos emerge as president-elect Tinubus ADC assumes duty. There is almost no green vegetation there. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Also, the wood from the trees in the savanna is used to build yam barns and fence the rural areas. Other components of the tropical rainforest of southern Nigeria are the coastal vegetation, riparian forest, mangrove forest, and lowland rainforest. We feature fascinating species, inspiring climate heroes, and impactful projects from around the world led by individuals and community organizations who are making the vision of a green, resilient future a reality. The Guinea savanna starts in the middle belt, or southern part of northern Nigeria. Large herds can be found only in reserves and parks, especially on the Bauchi plateau, in the Yankari reserve. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. It has many different kinds of vegetation and animals. The animals in the savanna region of Nigeria also serve as meat for us. Mangrove vegetation depends on the coastal location of the zone, constant influence of saltish sea water. Generally, natural conditions of the Sudanese savanna are favorable for the progress of agriculture and animal farming.