e//C_rV Pronounce one of the words over and over and try "permutations in the phonetic neighbourhood" like CWADRUT CWADRUT CHWADRUT CHWADHRUT CHWAAHRUTH HWAARRUS HWAARUH HAWARH HAWWAR. Browse / Download are used for saving files; Parse .sc/Back to .sc are an alternative using the clipboard. gives the transformed value of each character in the input variable (here S). Assimilation is when a sound changes to become more similar to the surrounding sounds. How did Tolkien model diachronic changes in his Elvish languages? E.g. If at a certain point in time there are some sounds X in words, they all will change to Y even if some of them were W a few centuries ago while some have been X since the beginning of the language. (I encourage you to fill in the line as a comment, e.g. Alternatively, you can decide not to worry too much about the final product and simply select sound changes randomly. Did you accidentally erase all your work? A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Don't feel limited to delete all /e/ after a consonant. where you downloaded sounds-- e.g. Some common changes that can form part of your repertoire (with some sample sounds rules): I pay particular attention to the havoc the sound changes are likely to wreak on the Back to .sc will collect the text in the input boxes and place them in Sound Changes. Email: nguhmail@gmail.comNguh Conlangs Website: https://www.nguh.orgInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/agmaschwa/Merch: https://www.storefrontier.com/nguh-tonners646a657070656d612076696e6172786175207265 The /t/ deletes after another obstruent. . Glottolog is a bibliographic database of the world's lesser-known languages, maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. To do: degemination (making single consonants from double consonants). I use A as any low vowel and I as any high vowel but I'm not sure how universal these are. Similar ideas are umlaut and vowel harmony, in which vowels change depending on other vowels in the word. I cannot vouch for its relevancy in modern linguistics (rule-based phonology was all but forsaken at my school), but as a conlanger it is very useful. I've looked at examples of natural languages, but I'm not sure what's going on with the notation, nor have I been able to identify any patterns that will help me create realistic sound changes for my languages. . 'to cook', since the original cocer has merged with A nice geographic split (that may or may not actually mean much), much like that which exists within Indo-European languages. this rule will change a member of S to Z if there is a vowel V anywhere following it: The symbol is the third character in the IPA list. Once you have a list of sound changes, you will want to go through the dictionary of the proto-language and apply those sound changes to every word there. What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? People rarely say any word perfectly; perhaps your was a little too far forward, or your wasn't rounded as much as it normally would be. The child language is going to contain all the history. What "benchmarks" means in "what are benchmarks for?". Which SCAs does everyone prefer, and why? the first rule voices the p, resulting in obera; the second It would be better to output a phonetic representation. rev2023.4.21.43403. an underline _, representing the About SCA Geoff's Sound Change Applier, SCA hereafter, is a program which applies rule-based transformations to strings of Unicode text. Variables can only be one character long. F=ie For example, *cwadrut yields hawar in language A and qewarro in language B and kawrs in language C but shwuntz in language D and shhwandaras in language E. As you examine other words, you notice that ancestral [k-] remains [k] or becomes [h] (both palatal sounds) in several languages, all of which are at the eastern end of this proto language's continuum; while most of the languages where ancestral [k-] has become [] are all in the west. This list will help you: cosmicos, tone, langua, pandunia, Conkey, sca, and bead. and our In this usage, the variables must correspond one for one-- Some of these examples are my own, and I apologize if they don't work as universal examples. I took these notes a few years ago from Lyle Campbell's Historical Linguistics 1st ed. The Language Construction Kit on Zompist.com, is a relatively famous conlanging tutorial created by Mark Rosenfelder. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. It presents linguistically sound methods for creating naturalistic languageswhich can be reversed to create non-naturalistic languages. Rules apply in the order they're listed. Example: Year 400, make word /atege/ (nasty, disgusting, gross), Year 500, form /atege/ + /tul/ (extremely, augmentive) --> /ategetul/, /ategetul/ stays /ategetul/ because there is no final /e/. Where do voiced consonants change? Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . That doesn't seem too broad to me. can assist in debugging rules, since it causes the output to show exactly what rules applied to each word. Some of the most common general processes are: Lenition, probably one of the most common sound changes, in which a "softer" sound becomes a "louder" sound. Hit Undo parse/upload, which will restore the state of your input fields before the last Browse or Parse command. omits the source word from the output, leaving only output words, like this: Add a description, image, and links to the conlang topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. compare it to is creating new animals indirectly, by mutating their DNA. For me, there is a peculiar, intense pleasure in creating a daughter language with a particular feel to it, merely by altering the set of All I can think of to k/s/_F The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Is there a set of sound change rules that undoes Grimm's law? In Notepad, for instance, change the Another possible inconsistency for sound changes is that more frequent words are more subject to changes. intended to delete an i onset following an intervocalic consonant: certainly want to handle vowel length and stress. For instance, That means running the program in a command window. Try creating a rule where /e/ only deletes in the second syllable and only if the first syllable is . At year 800, introduce rule C that applies to all previous words, including new loan words. I spent a good part of my day recently messing around with the zompist sound change applier . The environment can contain variables, like V above. (For instance, the orthography may only apply to the parent language.) Make your vowels become other vowels and keep me guessing. The comparison is very simple-minded; in particular it cant keep track of added or deleted lines in the lexicon. The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. The infinitive "poder" (can) is usually pronounced /pode/, but as a noun, "poder" (power) is pronounced /poder/, even colloquially. Hello, r/conlangs! Every week, the hosts George Corley, Bianca Richards (ne Mangum), William S. Annis, David J. Peterson and Mike Lentine, as well as the occasional guest talk about a conlanging- or linguistics-related topic one week and feature a conlang or natlang the next. (Note that this is the first character shown in the IPA display.). It also host an interactive glossary on linguistic features and terms. One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. In my example I used Phonetics is where list the sounds you use in your language. Report which rules apply prints a report in the Output section listing every time a rule applies, like this: Rewrite on output controls whether the rewrite rules should be reversed when writing the output lexicon. Z//V_V SIL provides a database, Ethnologue, of its research into the world's languages. The Yasgheld (/'jz.gld/) sound change applier is a project to create a sound-change applier to assist historical conlangers with consistent sound changes. Here's how to read it: e > 0 / VC_# if consonants is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), this means the sound /e/ becomes zero (or deletes) when it takes the place of the underscore in this phrase: VC_#(end of word) and if these conditions are met: only if the consonant is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), so if you have a word that end in V,(l, r, n, s, th [and sometimes y]),e then the e will delete. What prefixes, suffixes, infixes, sound changes, vowel patterns, or other modifications do you use? the executables, pick Save Target As, and save them to your disk. This is a Javascript program to help build phonological inventories. SCA treats spaces as word boundaries. Russian could be. The program will handle whatever you put into the .lex and .sc If that was unclear from the question please tell me and I will edit it to bring this out more. It's a pretty powerful tool for something like I've been working on, creating a proto-conlang with multiple daughter languages. In a sense - you can specify syllable boundaries in rules (using suprasegmental characters which carry that feature, such as stress marks, or by the feature itself), and in the reverse applier the possible antecedent words are limited by (optional) syllable structure definitions. Re: Reversible sound change applier . t goes to d, E.g. A few examples are intervocalic flapping in many English dialects (/btr . This means that s is deleted when it ends a word. The latest version is here! Similarly, I wrote the rules to output The environment (the z part) can contain variables, like V above. > Regular expression syntax? EDIT: (I actually tried installing Phonix but am currently having technical difficulties on a mac). Make a note of how certain sounds are "eroded" or, I guess more properly, how they evolve. s//_# To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The old SCA required that you use single characters instead. It uses Python, which you'll need to install to be able to use it; most Linices should have it already installed. The Sound Change Applier 2 is an updated version of my C program which applies a set of sound changes to a lexicon. (1999), which I would recommend to anyone interested in the subject. to the second category by analogy. Well talk about exactly what that means below. We have also added the hash to the second half of the equation, which indicates a word boundary (either initial or final). to use an orthography where every phoneme corresponds to a single character. Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? Why xargs does not process the last argument? Some features are: - it can run sound changes backward, reconstructing earlier forms of words, as well as forwards (which as far as I know no other sound change applier does); - it is fairly general in terms of the sound changes expressible; - it can understand X-SAMPA and (largely) CXS. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. The notation above is a common practice in rule-based phonology (I think. Anyone who respects or admires you even if it's just your group of friends will start to subconsciously copy the way that you speak and that sound change will begin to spread. The advantage is that it supports Unicode, itll run on all systems, and you dont have to mess with ASCII or command lines anymore. Conlang.org, LCS, is a site for conlangers, would-be conlangers, those interested in or curious about conlangs and anything else to do with conlanging. Language predictability is one person's goal and the thing another person avoids with all their effort, so be mindful of what you're aiming for and create accordingly. It also refers to sounds that disappear altogether. The Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, APiCS, is similar to WALS but is just for pidgins and creoles. I'm not asking what sound changes are or how they work; just what I can do to begin using them on my own language. (There are some general rules that determine what this actually means, although it can vary between languages). This basic structure can be expanded for more tricky rules. Is it possible? E.g. rather than to both the screen and the file. vocabulary of Methaiun If neither --sound-classes-file nor --no-sound-classes are used, the following sound classes are used: This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. If you write two novels in the same setting in different periods of time using the same conlang, it's quite likely some sound changes will have happened, so you'll want to implement them. [] can become [i] as part of diphthongs. V is any vowel, but v is /v/ in very. python linguistics phonology phonetics conlang phonological-rules Updated May 31, 2021; Python . The results may surprise you if you didnt realize your transcription system was ambigious. The words get "smoothed" like gravel at a beach or in a desert. For instance, suppose youve defined. the correct pronunciation of the word 60% of the time, and make only minor errors Fiat Lingua is a journal run by the LCS; all articles therein are produced by real-life conlangers and available online in .pdf format. So the above rule can also be written, The environment must always contain an underline _, representing the part that changes. E.g. 101 examples on affix borrowing between languages. Although it seems like sound change happens regardless of grammar, this is not necessarily true. This is a type of assimilation. Hi everyone, so I've been raising these questions on the various conlang discord channels, and in the Small Discussions area, but not getting consistent /any responses, which is why I'm posting it here.. This version is written in Javascript, which means it runs in your browser. Don't feel limited to delete all /e/ after a consonant. They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans multiple syllables, such as umlaut. Hope this helps a few people. Which are the best open-source conlang projects? Year 900, people need another way to say 'very gross', so they create /atek/ + /tul/ which would be /atektul/ but /kt/ is not allowed. Create a rough draft of the phonology of the child language. The Haedus Toolbox SCA is a very nice, phonetic segment-operating sound change applier created by Fiona Morrigan, a computational linguist and conlanger. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change?