6 0 obj stream <> It will not be included with the Download all option at the bottom of this page. All Rights Reserved. endstream <> (It may be helpful to use the demonstrations in How do soaps and detergents work? (below) as guidance.). 0000003977 00000 n At this point, her physician ordered a culture from her urine to determine the exact cause of her infection, as well as a drug sensitivity test to determine what antibiotics would be effective against the causative bacterium. The physics of restoration and conservation, RSC Yusuf Hamied Inspirational Science Programme, How to prepare for the Chemistry Olympiad, Extension activity: testing soaps and detergents, Did you know about shower gels and soaps? One graph will show the results with water only. 22 0 obj 3 0 obj Ultimately, the end-users (hospitals and their staff) are responsible for following these procedures and can be held liable if a breach occurs and patients become ill from improperly cleaned equipment. a) Increase wet ability and decrease surface tension b) Decrease wet ability and increase surface tension c) Decrease wet ability d) Increase surface. 6.reflection of light. [ 11 0 R] Support your answer with the results recorded in Data Table 2. Name: Lab 11 - Synthesis and Analysis of Soap Data Table 1: Saponification Observations Test Tube 1: Canola Oil Test Tube 2: Corn Oil Test Tube 3: Coconut Oil Test Tube 4: Initial Color and Composition Observations after Adding NaOH Observations after Hot Water Bath Consistency Ranking after Cooling: 1 = Softest to 4 = Hardest Photo 1: Synthesized Soaps Exercise 1 1. soaps in both distilled water and hard water? Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experincia ao usurio. Answer: They all had a thick consistency, which ran down smoothly. TW3'4X? Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. How does one use the information from a Kirby-Bauer assay to predict the therapeutic effectiveness of an antimicrobial drug in a patient? Many hospitals are instituting more rigorous cleaning procedures than those mandated by the FDA. 4. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Cleaning solutions also can contain lipases (enzymes active on fats) and amylases (enzymes active on starches). Ten drops, totaling approximately 0.2 mL of this mixture, are then inoculated onto each of two agar plates. Recorded observations after five minutes and an. What does a positive in-use test indicate? 0000006502 00000 n Several patients who underwent similar procedures at the same hospital also developed CRE infections, some dying as a result. %PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj Factors affecting the efficacy of sterilization, Table 11. endobj Test Tube 1: Canola Oil Test Tube 2: Corn Oil Test Tube 3: Coconut Oil Test Tube 4 Test Tube 5: Detergent Olive Oil Precipitation No in Distilled No Yes No No (Yes/No) Distilled Water Sud 3 5 2 Ranking (1 = Most to 5 equal Production in Hard Water Compared to Distilled 1 Equal Precipitation in Hard Water (Yes/No No No Additional comments: "Question is: what did the soap bubbles do that demonstrated this?". (Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\)). Why does this happen? The cylinder is then dipped in solutions of disinfectant at various concentrations for a specified amount of time. Comparison of zone sizes to a standardized chart will only provide information on the antibacterials to which a bacterial pathogen is susceptible or resistant. There are multiple factors that determine the size of a zone of inhibition in this assay, including drug solubility (whether the agent is water soluble and able to diffuse in the agar), rate of drug diffusion through agar, the thickness of the agar medium, and the drug concentration impregnated into the disk. Cleaning is the removal of foreign material (e.g., soil, and organic material) from objects and is normally accomplished using water with detergents or enzymatic products. Summary of advantages and disadvantages of chemical agents used as chemical sterilants or as high-level disinfectants, Table 6. A chemical agent with a phenol coefficient of less than 1.0 is less effective than phenol. <>/Lang(en-US)/Pages 2 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Names 353 0 R/Type/Catalog/Metadata 483 0 R/AcroForm 259 0 R>> II) When soap is mixed . 0000010438 00000 n Yet these devices are used successfully in 500,000650,000 procedures annually in the United States, many of them lifesaving. <> oIEJJf`Zf;XD[yy|X"AIV.~^*tuz~Qb "$`\& n30@, This question was created from Bubble Lab. Using Antibiograms to Improve Antibiotic Prescribing in Skilled Nursing Facilities.. *}2ramtz'%g/daY}S_LTzE14u0aTd,23m0Wi>u/F)iOoe-;gH)12ga]oQT}4>n*vwHIvy}O3~!$%En8q}464>Hb,!-O|)XumDtXoJqIn[CMQf_ nKn? Rather than using circular disks impregnated with one concentration of drug, however, commercially available plastic strips that contain a gradient of an antibacterial are placed on the surface of the inoculated agar plate (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). endobj endobj (I3?_c$1]D4#] cD /2wEyI]x&5J=ax:~x)w =}(3DDo#dv5XH 0l/b~vHG?ae{dS`#I Hndf{2|QI%?OW1&W"PLJRiTXx^yg{Hxl=z#(NK^II).IW)IZN7gHbM@ZjN4-jzD8,mJ_9!|J3Lb=3e i/"?1 &MK({O8AhNy EMg:0r}IdiyUe81 '4@*Ds6KwEy Table 2. They explore why soap only started to be used for washing people after 1853, and how soaps were advertised in the past. To interpret the results, the intersection of the elliptical zone with the gradient on the drug-containing strip indicates the MIC. Recorded observations after five minutes and an hour are shown in Data Table 2: Hot Water Bath Method. Other methods are also used for measuring the effectiveness of a chemical agent in clinical settings. Fluidics (i.e., fluids under pressure) is used to remove soil and debris from internal channels after brushing and when the design does not allow passage of a brush through a channel.445When a washer-disinfector is used, care should be taken in loading instruments: hinged instruments should be opened fully to allow adequate contact with the detergent solution; stacking of instruments in washers should be avoided; and instruments should be disassembled as much as possible. 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germicides", "phenol coefficient", "disk-diffusion method", "use-dilution test", "In-use tests", "showtoc:no", "license:ccby", "source[1]-bio-5196", "source[2]-bio-5196" ], https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FManchester_Community_College_(MCC)%2FRemix_of_Openstax%253AMicrobiology_by_Parker_Schneegurt_et_al%2F11%253A_Control_of_Microbial_Growth%2F11.08%253A_Testing_the_Effectiveness_of_Antiseptics_and_Disinfectants, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( 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The extension activity gives students the opportunity to build on their work in Testing shower gels and soaps by planning their own investigation to compare the properties of soap and detergent products. MICs are interpreted as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth, the same as for the macrobroth dilution in test tubes. Can hospitals or health-care workers be held liable if they have strictly followed a flawed procedure? <> These standards help identify the certain physical and chemical properties of soaps and polishes such as particle size, pH, cloud point, recoatability, glide adhesion, freeze/thaw resistance, cleaning efficiency, and foaming properties among others. You can review and change the way we collect information below. 6.reflection of light. These standards help identify the certain physical and chemical properties of soaps and polishes such as particle size, pH, cloud point, recoatability, glide adhesion, freeze/thaw resistance, cleaning efficiency, and foaming properties among others. 17 0 obj A new non-enzyme, hydrogen peroxide-based formulation (not FDA-cleared) was as effective as enzymatic cleaners in removing protein, blood, carbohydrate, and endotoxin from surface test carriers468In addition, this product effected a 5-log10reduction in microbial loads with a 3-minute exposure at room temperature.468. 103 0 obj Antimicrobial activity is observed as a clear circular zone of inhibition around the drug/chemical-impregnated disk. However, antibacterial dilution tests can be used to determine a particular drugs minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), the lowest concentration of drug that inhibits visible bacterial growth, and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), the lowest drug concentration that kills 99.9% of the starting inoculum. Please refer to the attachment to answer this question. Manufacturers are looking for ways to redesign duodenoscopes to minimize hard-to-reach crevices where bacteria can escape disinfectants, and the FDA is updating its protocols. to demonstrate the relationship of the fatty acid percents and basic nature of soaps. A soap film appears invisible when it approaches a zero-thickness. endobj CDC twenty four seven. Are plastics the best option for saving energy in our homes, as well as saving the planet? <> Compare and contrast the disk-diffusion, use-dilution, and in-use methods for testing the effectiveness of antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants. startxref <> As discussed, the limitations of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test do not allow for a direct comparison of antibacterial potencies to guide selection of the best therapeutic choice. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Enzymatic cleaners are not disinfectants, and proteinaceous enzymes can be inactivated by germicides. She developed pyelonephritis, a severe kidney infection, and was rehospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). High-level germicides have the ability to kill vegetative cells, fungi, viruses, and endospores, leading to sterilization, with extended use. Such products include soaps, detergents, bleaches, waxes, and polishes. While two replicates was not suitable for comparing one cleaner against another, it was used to compare the variability of one series with another. Figure 11.8. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>>>/Contents[109 0 R 110 0 R]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]>> [)Exm (}gd[Gl9DBT^=ln|yjz>}h>UwMksv]|x8OR>7?K-mfWoaj>+% >7]dg/4[eV"-G\$,+ctwH7Y`1.-Kil kop({l[L3365>kr5/. 9k#B{S0' AF+~MHs C{ Identify a surfactant and a preservative from the ingredient label of a personal care product (e.g. endobj 91 22 xVnF}W-no~ALmI! <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 21 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 816.96] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 0000001400 00000 n Growth of five or more colonies on either plate suggests that viable microbial cells existed in the disinfectant solution and that it is contaminated. What is the difference between soaps and detergents? This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. Bacterial survival is demonstrated by the presence of turbidity in the medium, whereas killing of the target organism on the cylinder by the disinfectant will produce no turbidity. For each product, they also record its price and any claims made about it by the brand or manufacturer. endobj 20 0 obj These units sometimes have a cycle that subjects the instruments to a heat process (e.g., 93C for 10 minutes)451. 0000000023 00000 n Despite the hospital staff meticulously following manufacturer protocols for disinfection, bacteria, including CRE, remained within the instruments and were introduced to patients during procedures. ',+2L~I*[/)@OATBa9*J@NJNI ( gMxyIq6CF'Y7s?3Yo5LF`Dv}bOj:'N=1uc}(1NYO(w(OD[QId{;Y kGf~ZV. endobj )IC%j-)wY3gwUXDEJFF"E,Q1zQUT(+~{+at. 99 0 obj 4 0 obj 0000003772 00000 n Nina Parker, (Shenandoah University),Mark Schneegurt (Wichita State University),Anh-Hue Thi Tu (Georgia Southwestern State University), Philip Lister (Central New Mexico Community College), and Brian M. Forster (Saint Josephs University) with many contributing authors. Solution: 2) I) When soap is mixed with calcium ions, it reacts with calcium and produces scum, which is insoluble in water. You currently do not have access to any training programs. Expert Answer. However, subsequent CRE outbreaks from endoscope use showed that this protocol alone was inadequate. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. 21 0 obj Product / Soiling mixture / Preparation of the soiling - Source Bathroom cleaners / Descaling: lime soap and limescale / SOFW-Journal 129, 11-2003 Acid toilet cleaners / Descaling: limescale / SOFW-Journal . In one study, cleaning (measured as 56 log10reduction) was achieved on surfaces that had adequate contact with the water flow in the machine452. Methods of sterilization and disinfection, Table 2. 0000010119 00000 n endobj A "rainbow" appears on an oil slick or soap bubble due to: 1.refraction of light. 0000001139 00000 n The chemical composition of cleaning products; How soaps and detergents work; Saponification, soap 'scum' and soapless detergents; The history of soap; Experimental design and planning investigations; Each activity includes instructions for students, as well as editable worksheets and resources available for download. [BFK}B{8f0c:bTJ #67WBnd( +]{F2hp-ntd*cDTu;gkk*zJ+gcL`{>rspkhnEL-`3/zVmK!S!2w[Cm*O'sn1,b_=m8&dg,SH;${hK62H+ZxNDE^h`iHzce?nZmA%"V"_ (4Yp vro ~ 5@m=^`8EZ WJ@4IA KmzLArio SnzoS?pEil'R^E|1BAY[.)$+=u@=&5?jlID#Dv2O!rrv/u9B;Az1!{ c(e iZ,:>xqqy{% ]bE!aJC7*Z:@&CUcFk A box slides down an incline with uniform acceleration.It starts from rest and attains a speed of 18.1 m/s in 6.8 sec. handout. Why is that? An example is formalin, with phenol coefficients of 0.3 (S. aureus) and 0.7 (S. enterica serovar Typhi). Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. <> cleaning ability? %%EOF A soap film appears invisible when it approaches a zero-thickness. Why do the bubbles made by bubble bath disappear when you then use ordinary soap? ASTM's soaps and polishes standards are instrumental in the preparation and evaluation of surfactant products that are usually used in conjunction with water for washing, cleaning, and polishing. 12 0 obj endobj Washer-sterilizers are modified steam sterilizers that clean by filling the chamber with water and detergent through which steam passes to provide agitation. %PDF-1.5 % %D2Y{:? 109 0 obj endobj Thus, cleaning alone effectively reduces the number of microorganisms on contaminated equipment. Ultrasonic cleaning removes soil by cavitation and implosion in which waves of acoustic energy are propagated in aqueous solutions to disrupt the bonds that hold particulate matter to surfaces. What bonds. How did the detergent tested in this laboratory compare to the 5. Chemical disinfectants are grouped by the power of their activity, with each category reflecting the types of microbes and viruses its component disinfectants are effective against. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections due to contaminated endoscopes have become a high-profile problem in recent years. corn oil, and coconut oil (samples 1 3), which soap had the best However, public health officials soon noticed that Robertas case was not isolated. This page titled 11.8: Testing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Chemicals and Drugs is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax. 110 0 obj Several CRE outbreaks have been traced to endoscopes, including a case at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in early 2015 in which 179 patients may have been exposed to a contaminated endoscope. ;(lr6Tie>w:[H 0000009070 00000 n . 101 0 obj magnesium ions? CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. Should manufacturers be held liableand perhaps be driven out of businessif their lifesaving equipment fails or is found defective? 4.interference of light. 92 0 obj endobj 0000000715 00000 n 8 0 obj A 1-mL sample of the used disinfectant is diluted into 9 mL of sterile broth medium that also contains a compound to inactivate the disinfectant. Also, if soiled materials dry or bake onto the instruments, the removal process becomes more difficult and the disinfection or sterilization process less effective or ineffective. 460, 461, For instrument cleaning, a neutral or near-neutral pH detergent solution commonly is used because such solutions generally provide the best material compatibility profile and good soil removal. A phenol coefficient of 1.0 means that the chemical agent has about the same level of effectiveness as phenol. To obtain soap solution from soap flakes - dissolve soap flakes (or shavings from a bar of soap) in ethanol . 97 0 obj Students choose three shower gels or soap bars to research and analyse. Testing shower gels . 0 Students read a short text about the history of soap and soapmaking, before answering questions to check and develop their understanding of what they have read. This was an alarming outcome, suggesting that Robertas infection was caused by a so-called superbug: a bacterial strain that has developed resistance to the majority of commonly used antibiotics. What are the differences between the three levels of disinfectant effectiveness? lU3pKyia wdg``{QPg@mz"p' d|2L lp For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion (DHQP), Introduction, Methods, Definition of Terms, A Rational Approach to Disinfection and Sterilization, Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Disinfection and Sterilization, Regulatory Framework for Disinfectants and Sterilants, Low-Temperature Sterilization Technologies, Microbicidal Activity of Low-Temperature Sterilization Technologies, Effect of Cleaning on Sterilization Efficacy, Recommendations for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, Table 1. 5.scattering of light. Learn everything from how to sign up for free to enterprise use cases, and start using ChatGPT . The handout also features questions to check and reinforce students understanding of what they have read. For example, length of exposure is particularly important, with longer exposure increasing efficacy. CRE infections are notoriously difficult to treat, with a 40%50% fatality rate. However, several environmental conditions influence the potency of an antimicrobial agent and its effectiveness. An in-use test can determine whether an actively used solution of disinfectant in a clinical setting is microbially contaminated (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). Students conduct a practical experiment using samples of 56 shower gels and soaps, determining their pH values and testing their effects on cooking oil. endstream endobj 958 0 obj <. 96 0 obj endobj <> <> Thorough cleaning is required before high-level disinfection and sterilization because inorganic and organic materials that remain on the surfaces of instruments interfere with the effectiveness of these processes. D501-03(2016) Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkaline Detergents, D500-95(2016) Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils, D820-93(2016) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Soaps Containing Synthetic Detergents, D502-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Particle Size of Soaps and Other Detergents, D1768-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Sodium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate in Synthetic Detergents by Ultraviolet Absorption, D1570-95(2016) Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Fatty Alkyl Sulfates, D2022-89(2016) Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Chlorine-Containing Bleaches, D2357-11(2016) Standard for Qualitative Classification of Surfactants by Infrared Absorption, D2023-89(2016) Standard Test Method of Analysis for Sodium Toluene Sulfonate in Detergents, D3598-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Citrate in Synthetic Detergents, D3048-89(2016) Standard Test Method of Assay for Alkaline Protease, D4251-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Active Matter in Anionic Surfactants by Potentiometric Titration, D2358-16 Standard Test Method for Separation of Active Ingredient from Surfactant and Syndet Compositions, D3049-89(2016) Standard Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Ingredient by Cationic Titration, D3673-89(2016) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Alpha Olefin Sulfonates, D2959-95(2017) Standard Test Method for Ethylene Oxide Content of Polyethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants, D1767-89(2017) Standard Test Method for Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetate (EDTA) in Soaps or Synthetic Detergents, D4608-89(2017) Standard Test Method for Citrate in Detergents, D4337-89(2017) Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Linear Detergent Alkylates, D4711-89(2017) Standard Test Method for Sulfonic and Sulfuric Acids in Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acids, D5547-95(2017) Standard Test Method for Clay and Zeolite in Powdered Laundry Detergents by Atomic Absorption, D4954-89(2017) Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrilotriacetates in Detergents, D5806-95(2017) Standard Test Method for Disinfectant Quaternary Ammonium Salts by Potentiometric Titration, D4252-89(2017) Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates, D928-03(2017) Standard Specification for Sodium Bicarbonate, D2180-17 Standard Test Method for Active Oxygen in Bleaching Compounds, D1569-05(2014) Standard Test Methods for Detergent Alkylate (Withdrawn 2023), D1681-05(2014) Standard Test Method for Synthetic Anionic Active Ingredient in Detergents by Cationic Titration Procedure (Withdrawn 2023), D460-91(2014) Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Soaps and Soap Products (Withdrawn 2023), D1568-05(2014) Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (Withdrawn 2023), D6174-01(2006) Standard Test Method for Inorganic Sulfate in Surfactants by Potentiometric Lead Titration (Withdrawn 2015), D800-05(2014) Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Industrial Metal Cleaning Compositions (Withdrawn 2023), D6173-97(2014) Standard Test Method for Determination of Various Anionic Surfactant Actives by Potentiometric Titration (Withdrawn 2023), D5070-90(2014) Standard Test Method for Synthetic Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Fabric Softeners by Potentiometric Titrations (Withdrawn 2023), D3209-93(2015) Standard Test Method for Freeze/Thaw Resistance of Polymer Floor Polishes, D6827-02(2016) Standard Test Method for Zinc Analysis of Floor Polishes and Floor Polish Polymers By Flame Atomic Absorption (A.A.), D5678-17 Standard Test Method for Freeze/Thaw Resistance of Wax Emulsion Floor Polish, D3716-14(2020) Standard Test Methods for Use of Emulsion Polymers in Floor Polishes, D4095-97(2020) Standard Practice for Use of the Refractometer for Determining Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Floor Polishes, D3430-95(2021) Standard Test Method for Clarity and Yellowness of Liquid Water-Based Clear Floor Polishes, D1290-95(2021) Standard Test Method for Sediment in Water-Emulsion Polishes by Centrifuge, D1791-93(2022) Standard Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Liquid Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D2834-95(2022) Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter (Total Solids) in Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, Solvent-Based Floor Polishes, and Polymer-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D930-89(1996)e1 Standard Test Method of Total Immersion Corrosion Test of Water-Soluble Aluminum Cleaners (Withdrawn 2001), D6215-98a Standard Guide for Removal of Oily Soils from Metal Surfaces (Withdrawn 2004), D4009-92(2017) Standard Guide for Foam Stability of Hand Dishwashing Detergents, D5343-06(2018) Standard Guide for Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners, D7225-13(2019)e1 Standard Guide for Blood Cleaning Efficiency of Detergents and Washer-Disinfectors, D4488-95(2001)e1 Standard Guide for Testing Cleaning Performance of Products Intended for Use on Resilient Flooring and Washable Walls (Withdrawn 2009), D3565-89(2001) Standard Test Method for Tableware Pattern Removal by Mechanical Dishwasher Detergents (Withdrawn 2007), D1280-14 Standard Guide for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Soak Tank Metal Cleaners (Withdrawn 2023), D3556-23 Standard Guide for Deposition on Glassware During Mechanical Dishwashing, D459-16 Standard Terminology Relating to Soaps and Other Detergents, D3210-95(2016) Standard Test Method for Comparing Colors of Films from Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D4330-94(2017) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Fiberglass Boat Polish and Wax, D3207-17 Standard Test Method for Detergent Resistance of Floor Polish Films, D1436-17 Standard Test Methods for Application of Emulsion Floor Polishes to Substrates for Testing Purposes, D3543-17 Standard Test Method for Metal Glide Adhesion, D1455-17 Standard Test Method for 60 Specular Gloss of Emulsion Floor Polish, D1793-17 Standard Test Method for Water Spotting of Emulsion Floor Polishes, D1792-17 Standard Test Method for Long-Term Removability Properties of Emulsion Floor Polishes, D3052-17 Standard Practice for Rating Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D2048-17 Standard Test Method for Powdering of Floor Polish Films, D4002-81(2016) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish, D3153-17 Standard Test Method for Recoatability of Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D3206-17 Standard Test Method for Soil Resistance of Floor Polishes, D3758-95(2017) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Spray-Buff Products on Test Floors, D6625-13(2020) Standard Practice for Conducting a Test of Protective Properties of Polish Applied to a Painted Panel Using Fluorescent UV-Condensation Light- and Water-Exposure Apparatus, D3751/D3751M-10(2017) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Furniture Polish, D3836-13(2021) Standard Practice for Evaluation of Automotive Polish, D4955-89(2021) Standard Practice for Field Evaluation of Automotive Polish, D4265-21 Standard Guide for Evaluating Stain Removal Performance in Home Laundering, D4008-19 Standard Guide for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents, D1172-15 Standard Guide for pH of Aqueous Solutions of Soaps and Detergents, D1173-07(2015) Standard Test Method for Foaming Properties of Surface-Active Agents, D3050-07(2015) Standard Guide for Measuring Soil Removal from Artificially Soiled Fabrics (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking), D2281-10(2016) Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Wetting Agents by the Skein Test, D2024-09(2017) Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactants, D8179-18 Standard Guide for Characterizing Detergents for the Cleaning of Clinically-used Medical Devices, D5237-14(2019) Standard Guide for Evaluating Fabric Softeners, D5548-13(2020) Standard Guide for Evaluating Color Transfer or Color Loss of Dyed Fabrics in Laundering (Not Suitable for Detergent or Washing Machine Rankings), D1387-89(2019) Standard Test Method for Saponification Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes, D7389-07(2019) Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Maleic Anhydride (MAH) Grafted Waxes, D3837-95(2019) Standard Practice for Preparing a Solution of AlkaliSoluble Resins, D1342-92(2002) Standard Test Method for Paraffin-Type Hydrocarbons in Carnauba Wax (Withdrawn 2007), D3642-13(2021) Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Certain Alkali-Soluble Resins, D1986-14(2021) Standard Test Method for Determining the Apparent Viscosity of Polyethylene Wax, D1386-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Acid Number (Empirical) of Synthetic and Natural Waxes, D3643-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Certain Alkali-Soluble Resins, D3644-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Resins, D3954-15(2022) Standard Test Method for Dropping Point of Waxes, D4283-98(2022) Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Silicone Fluids, D4103-17 Standard Practice for Preparation of Substrate Surfaces for Coefficient of Friction Testing, D2047-17 Standard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine, D6205-20 Standard Practice for Calibration of the James Static Coefficient of Friction Machine, D4386-95(2016) Standard Practice for Application of Floor Polishes to Maintain Multilayer Composite Tile or Flooring, D3757-16 Standard Guide for Preparing Specifications for Solvent-based Floor Polishes, D3440-13(2019) Standard Guide for Preparing Specifications for Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, D4078-02(2021) Standard Specification for Water Emulsion Floor Polish, D3564-22 Standard Practice for Application of Floor Polishes to Maintain Vinyl Composition Tile or Flooring, D2825-21e1 Standard Terminology Relating to Polishes and Related Materials.

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