However, while Buddhist nationalists have clearly stoked violence and legitimized Islamophobic actions, there are many Buddhists who have tried to promote peace with their Muslim neighbors. xb```f``9 @16)LV20U`&x(<>UY&Qs6.Aau^kC: CB,E(32`[kP9#Lv 384:0ac,f8` .lez "l]2gr0i-Zp, It was during an outing to the outside world that he witnessed illness and poverty for the first time. Over the last decade, hundreds of Muslims have been murdered, mosques have been destroyed, and hundreds of thousands have been forced to flee their homes. WebThe majority of Myanmars population is rural, with the density of settlement in each region related to agricultural production, particularly of rice. . WebInflation Rate in Myanmar increased to 19.55 percent in July from 19.42 percent in June of 2022. WebHinduism in Myanmar. It does not engage in advocacy and its scholars opinions are their own. They believe in a Theravadan Buddhist doctrine that states that only their intention affects their karma. [15], As a consequence of this fear, discriminatory policies toward the Rohingya have been imposed. 0000007386 00000 n What cultural violence makes this structural violence seem acceptable? There are only .57 physicians and .9 beds available per 1,000 residents. However, the role of Buddhism in this conflict is clearly no less complex. [3] Jacques P. Leider, Rohingya, Rakhaing and the Recent Outbreak of ViolenceA Note, Bulletin of the Burma Studies Group, 16 (2012), 8, http://www.networkmyanmar.org/images/stories/PDF15/Leider-Note.pdf. Ethnic minoritiessuch as the Chin, Kachin, Karin, and Rohingyainclude significant populations of Christians and Muslims. While peace building is possible, many challenges remain. hb```f``fix>w7S;?}U:dqBeChTFAA%% H$ b`b9,iRf] :b `k4#w> @ b4 26 43 %%EOF 0000009664 00000 n 117 0 obj <>stream Only 2.3% of the GDP is spent in the healthcare sector, and this is likely related to the low physician and hospital bed density in the area. [21] Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Final Report of Inquiry Commission on Sectarian Violence in Rakhine State (July 8, 2013), 16, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Rakhine_Commission_Report-en-red.pdf. For more information see the Joshua Project Small Group Policy. Web Religion in Myanmar is spread across Buddhist with 879 Christian 62 Muslim 43 Animist 08 Hindu 05 other 02 and none at 01 of the population. Some monasteries have organized humanitarian aid for Muslims who have been displaced by the violence. Web Myanmar Population LIVE retrieving data. khdJV|!3/f:V_nzZmP]/T7cPOOu^pL7zyZ7MmV4fQ* This is done to avoid confusion regarding the current reality of a people group, to fix grammar and spelling and to avoid potentially offensive wording. %%EOF Population, by age group, per cent . WebCrime Statistics. . hVmo6+p&(8qzX ? We welcome. While the rise of 969 and Burman-Buddhist nationalism sparked the beginning of the recent inter-religious clashes, the violence has been prolonged by an enabling environment. Myanmar | Religion and Public Life at Harvard Divinity School Blanks mean an unknown value. The rate of growth today is just under 1%, but that will likely decrease to near 0 by 2050. WebAccording to the 2014 Myanmar Census, 87.9% of the population identifies as Buddhists. This has resulted in significant transformations in areas such as censorship, whereby efforts by Buddhist monks to propagate anti-Muslim narratives are now facilitated by Myanmars reforms. One monk, U Withuta, housed over 800 Muslims in his monastery during anti-Muslim riots, telling the mob that approached that they would have to kill him to reach those he protected inside. 813-821. [14] However, while new census results are to be released in 2014, estimates indicate that roughly 89 percent of Myanmars population is Buddhist, and only 4 percent is Muslim. Identify an example of structural violence in the case study. The groups listed below are not included in overall Joshua Project people group counts. The short form, which was asked of 80 percent of the total population, includes only seven basic questions: name, relationship to the head of the household, sex, age, marital status, race and religion. [17] Rohingya must also seek official authorization to marry and to cross township borders, and they are barred from many areas of employment, including government jobs.[18]. {@g}~f=(zPA =x''''''''s;[>Ly[(-w9C8=>O4N6m These laws were most common in the Middle East and North Africa, where 18 of the 20 countries (90%) in the region have laws criminalizing blasphemy and 13 of them (65%) outlaw apostasy. We recommend against using %Christian Adherent and %Evangelical to calculate absolute numbers. Mandalay comes in second, with 1,208,099; and is also known as the economic center of the country. Buddhism has been a significant influence on Myanmar's culture, art, and way of life for more than a thousand years. 0000002037 00000 n Middle East Institute Monks have also mobilized to support the passage of anti-Muslim laws in the nations legislature. Many of the ethnic minorities in Myanmar are Christian, such as the Chin, the Kachins, the Karen and the Naga. [$- Web52 (34.9%) Progress Level Total Population 54,101,000 Population in Unreached 45,121,000 (83.4%) Largest Religion Buddhism ( 78.0% ) % Christian Adherent 8.16% % Evangelical 4.86% Evangelical Annual Growth Rate 2.5% (Global Rate = 2.6%) + Leaflet | Powered by Esri | USGS, NOAA People Groups States Progress Religions Languages Photos Sign up to receive the latest publications, event invitations, and our weekly newsletter delivered to your inbox. 0000002975 00000 n WebMyanmar is the most religious Buddhist country with regard to the percentage of the population living as monks and the amount of money spent on religion. - Few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as Christians. It contains 4,477,638 residents. The violence has been coordinated and serious, and the UN Human Rights Office has stated that Myanmar is likely guilty of crimes against humanity or even ethnic cleansing.. [14] Unforgiving History, The Economist (November 3, 2012), http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21565638-why-buddhists-and-muslims-r. Burmah, as it was spelled in the 19th Century, is a local corruption of the word Myanmar", according to the same report above. 0000012575 00000 n Join us on a journey of discovery as we explore the fascinating world of Myanmar's religion, and gain a deeper understanding of the cultural richness that makes Myanmar such a unique and captivating country. [26] Abuse Against Myanmars Rohingya Erodes Recent Progress, Amnesty International, (19 July 2012), http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/press-releases/abuse-against-myanmar-s-r. Ongoing repression of Rohingya is driven by Burman Buddhist fear of Islamic encroachment into Myanmar, as well as an ongoing belief that the Rohingya could potentially threaten Burmese sovereignty by further segregating Rakhine State. Officially, 4% of the inhabitants of Myanmar are Muslim. And what could be done to avert sectarian violence, to foster tolerance and peaceful coexistence, and to promote reconciliation? A city like Yangon can be proud of sheltering within it many religions and their monuments (mosques, cathedrals, pagodas, Sikh temples, Hindu temples and even a Synagogue!). Cq B[=c+aS%}m)dwC 8Bc uUdwqji3px7F8|]#nI'4 xdMvB;^!'akBK}qN! 0000010110 00000 n Points are best estimates, but should not be taken as exact. The Buddhists described here span a wide range of values regarding the intersection of their religion and violence. Changing the pivot column will reset the column selection and sort order. Ethnic minoritiessuch as the Chin, Kachin, Karin, and The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. 0000005912 00000 n - Few evangelicals, but many who identify as Christians. [25] Many Rohingya have reported cases of physical abuse, rape, destruction of property and unlawful killings carried out by both Rakhine Buddhists and security forces, and Amnesty International has found that most arrests appear to have been arbitrary and discriminatory. If you have information about these groups, please contact us. [20] The Rakhine Commission of Inquiry was established by Executive Order on 17 August 2012. 0000026659 00000 n [7] The law did not recognize the Rohingya as an ethnic group of Myanmar, stating that any ethnic group that settled in Myanmar after 1823 (the beginning of the First Anglo-Burmese War) was not entitled to citizenship. Islam (4%), Hinduism (1%), Christianity (7%) and animism (1%) are also practiced in the RELIGION AND PUBLIC LIFE, Harvard Divinity School14 DivinityAvenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. my.hds |Harvard Divinity School |Harvard University |Privacy | Accessibility | Digital Accessibility | Trademark Notice | Reporting Copyright InfringementCopyright 2023 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Points represent the approximate center of a larger area. On the other hand, Christians, Muslims, Hindus and others are also practiced in The demographic study based on analysis of more than 2,500 censuses, surveys and population registers finds 2.2 billion Christians (32% of the worlds population), 1.6 billion Muslims (23%), 1 billion Hindus (15%), nearly 500 million Buddhists (7%) and 14 million Jews (0.2%) around the world as of 2010. Data is not as precise as it appears. Myanmar has 676,578 square kilometers of surface area available within its boundaries. The population density overall is approximately 79 people per square kilometer. The vast Web Religion in Myanmar Burma 1900 - 2100 Religious Population Growth Data Player Data Player 508K subscribers 39K views 1 year ago Statistics of major religion in. [7] Burma Citizenship Law, 15 October 1982, The United Nations Refugee Agency, http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4f71b. Joshua Project occasionally adjusts profile text from third party sources. How has the cultural context of Burmese Buddhism impacted the ways in which Buddhism is practiced in the region? There are at least 108 ethnolinguistic groups in Myanmar. Approximately 2% of Burmese people are Hindu. The analysis draws on the Centers wider body of research on global restrictions related to religion. The root causes of the recent waves of inter-religious violence involving Rohingya Muslims of Rakhine State are deep, complex and date back many centuries. 0000001481 00000 n The essays in this series tackle these and other salient questions pertaining to sectarianism in the MENA and Asia Pacific regions. Church planting agencies in Myanmar (Burma), Joshua Project data is drawn from many sources and of varying accuracy depending on source and editorial decisions. Burmese Hindus are a mix of Bengalis, Tamils, Telegus, and Uttar Pradeshis who arrived in Burma under British colonialism. Web 5 hours agoPeople walk outside of a church in the Kachin state of Myanmar where 95 percent of residents are Christian. 0000008546 00000 n Pin Pa Patrimonios United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. However, the large movement of Rohingyas in 2017 has halved the number of Muslims in the country.. Are religious doctrinal differences primarily responsible for stoking intercommunal fear and hatred? (States / Districts only available for South Asia). Growth rates have declined for all of Indias major religious groups, but the slowdown has been more pronounced among religious minorities, who outpaced Hindus in earlier decades. Before making travel plans based on data presented here, please confirm with other sources to the extent possible. 0 The Buddha lived an ascetic life with several monks and priests. The government is accused After Christianity, the third-largestreligion in Myanmaris Islam. The Inquiry Commission into sectarian violence in Rakhine State released in 2013 found that Rohingya living in rural areas could not speak any indigenous languages of Myanmar well . MEI welcomes financial donations, but retains sole editorial control over its work and its publications reflect only the authors views. However, religions are powerful forces. There also exists draft legislation that, if passed, would limit interfaith marriages in an attempt to prevent Buddhist women from converting to Islam. - Evangelicals have a significant presence. Sometimes known as Burma, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar - which is often shortened to Myanmar, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia. The country experienced a spike in population in the 1960s, and since then the nation continues to grow, but at a slower pace. Populations are scaled to the current year. 0000003605 00000 n As much as 90% of the Burmese population practice Buddhism, making it the mainreligion in Myanmar. [3] The British also welcomed wealthy money lenders (chettyars) from South India to help administer colonial Burma. [24] In Rakhine State, many of the police are selected from the Rakhine Buddhist community and often do not remain impartial when violence erupts between Buddhists and Muslims. But this gap has narrowed. Web Burmas population consists of Buddhists 879 percent Christians 62 percent Muslims 43 percent Animists 08 percent and Hindus 05 percent. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass. We will also examine the unique blend of animism and spirit worship that is deeply rooted in Burmese culture. Anti-Indian and anti-Muslim attitudes were compounded during both the Japanese occupation of Burma (19421945)when Muslims in British Burma, going against the leanings of the Burmese Independence Movement, sided with the colonial British[5]and the subsequent Rohingya Mujahideen Rebellion (19481961), in which the Rohingya waged an unsuccessful secessionist campaign to create a separate Islamic State that would eventually join East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).[6]. The It's believed there are at least 300,000 refugees from Burma located along the Thai-Burma border, with many camps established in the 1980's. xref These Buddhist monastics, and supportive lay people, have also organized to advocate for economic and legal oppression of Muslims. 0000026145 00000 n Between 1951 and 1961, the Muslim population expanded by 32.7%, 11 percentage points more than Indias overall rate of 21.6%. The vast majority of people, 89%, profess Buddhism. Al Jazeera English video on the exclusion of Muslims from Myanmars government (2015): CNN article and video on recent bouts of violence (2017): PBS NewsHour video on Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh (2017): BBC video on the alleged crimes against humanity in Myanmar (2017): Vox video on the history of violence against Rohingya (2017): The Guardian video interviewing Buddhist monks who disagree about the causes and solution to the violence (2017): BBC interviews with anti-Muslim Buddhist monks (2017): BBC video on the arrest of Reuters journalists reporting on the violence (2018): In what ways can Buddhism said to be internally diverse in light of the conflict in Myanmar? 0000009258 00000 n Each point represents a people group in a country. This page provides - Myanmar Inflation Rate - actual values, WebPew Forum on Religion & Public Life / Mapping the Global Muslim Population www.pewforum.org 39 Estimated Percentage Range of Shia by Country Afghanistan 10 Stores are marked with the 969 symbol to verify the owner is Buddhist. Ashin Wirathu argues that Muslim extremists are plotting to transform Myanmar into an Islamic country. Web Estimated Population of Myanmar in 2023. A>E `@q [27] Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Final Report of Inquiry Commission on Sectarian Violence in Rakhine State (July 8, 2013), 48, http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/Rakhine_Commission_Report-en-red.pdf. Today, Myanmar is the center of one of the largest refugee crises in the world. [10] The 969 movement has gained many followers by labeling itself as a protector of Buddhism from aliens or non-native persons. WebReligion in Myanmar The overwhelming majority of Myanmars population practices Theravada Buddhismaround 88 percent. s\A0W+z=;;4{LqMQ(|> Myanmar Religion Percentage 2023 April 15, 2023 Web As of 2019 the Yangon region was the most populous region in Myanmar with a population of over eight million. While many monks in Myanmar seem to support and even advocate for violence against their Muslim neighbors, there are others who are constantly working to end the violence. 1. Population aged 15-64 . The birth rate in Myanmar, which has been declining as well, is 17.339 births per woman. Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a country rich in history, culture, and traditions. 0000011367 00000 n 0000004016 00000 n All rights reserved. A Rakhine state government spokesperson says the Rohingya are trying to Islamise [Buddhists] through their terrible birth rate, citing that Rohingya population growth is 10 times that of local Buddhists. The current population of Myanmar in 2023 is. Web Last Friday Good Friday Myanmars military court sentenced the former leader of the Kachin Baptist Convention to six years in prison. H\n0. 188 (28 November, 2012), 2. What roles have state, sub-state and transnational actors played in fomenting sectarian discord? Burma Religions - Demographics Burma Religions Factbook > Countries > Burma > Demographics Religions: Buddhist 87.9%, Christian 6.2%, Muslim 4.3%, Animist 0.8%, Hindu 0.5%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2014 est.) Rangoon/Yangon is the largest city and the capital of the area. 19, Issue 10 (2013), 1. The essays in this series tackle these and other salient questions pertaining to sectarianism in the MENA and Asia Pacific regions. You must help all beings who are in need, who are in trouble.. Code columns are usually hidden by default. Due to decades of heavy censorship, Myanmar continues to have a hyperactive rumor mill in which information from fellow community membersbe it online of face-to-faceis given preferential treatment to news originating from official media outlets. Thus, despite clear evidence that Islamophobic monastic rhetoric has increased violence, by denying that violence was their intention, many of these monks claim their karmic conscience is clear. WebOfficially, 4% of the inhabitants of Myanmar are Muslim. %PDF-1.6 % [4] Moshe Yegar, Between Integration and Secession: The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand, and Western Burma/Myanmar (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2002), 103. 0000005648 00000 n WebMyanmar Myanmar - Overview Population. Due to historical ties between Hinduism and Buddhism, Hindus have faced far less discrimination than Muslim Indians such as the Rohingya. In general, Christian ethnic minorities are have faced discrimination in Myanmar and treatment as second-class citizens. In this predominantly Buddhist country, Muslims are often discriminated against by the powerful nationalist movement that strives to protect Buddhist identity, thus creating a struggle for minority groups. Throughout the 20th century, British colonial policy regularly pitted these groups against each other, creating a violent legacy that continues to this day. %PDF-1.5 % Accusations. Muslims (mostly Sunni) comprise The Middle East Institute (MEI) is an independent, non-partisan, non-for-profit, educational organization. Again in 1971, a group of Rohingya pushed to join Bangladesh during its fight for independence from East Pakistan. 0000008816 00000 n 0000012125 00000 n 0000006213 00000 n Prolonged periods of repression were accompanied by cycles of Rohingya migration from Rakhine State to bordering Bangladesh. Values for %Christian Adherent and %Evangelical (which determine unreached status) are often informed estimates, some more accurate than others. While the recent inter-religious violence begun in mid-2012 with the rape and murder of a twenty-seven-year-old Buddhist seamstress Ma Thida Htwewhich sparked an eruption of Muslim-Buddhist tension and the displacement of 70,000 Rohingya[8]Buddhist-Muslim violence has since spread beyond Rakhine State to Central and Northern Myanmar in the cities of Meiktila and Lashio. Just over 80% of the country has access to clean drinking water with only 77% having access to improved sanitation facilities. Burmese Hindus are a mix of Bengalis, Tamils, Telegus, and Uttar Pradeshis who arrived in Burma under British colonialism. Population aged 65+ Sexual and Reproductive Health . MYANMAR RELIGIONS THE OVERVIEW OF MYANMAR RELIGION The main religions of the country are Buddhism (89.2%), Christianity (5.0%), Islam (3.8%), Today, these people live in refugee camps in their own country. 221/2013 (December 3, 2013), http://www.rsis.edu.sg/publications/Perspective/RSIS2212013.pdf. Eliane Coates, Buddhist Monks in Myanmar: Driving Religious Intolerance and Hindering Reform, RSIS Commentaries No. The fertility rate in Myanmar is 2.13 births per woman, which is high enough for population replacement (2.1 births per woman); however, it has been declining over the past several years, contributing to the slowing population growth rate. Web Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan 2023 Response Plan Overview The Myanmar Humanitarian Response Plan requests US764 million to reach 45 million. The United Nations Statistics Division collects, compiles and disseminates official demographic and social statistics on a wide range of topics. Myanmar (Burma) is a majorly a Buddhist majority country with a significant minority population residing in the country.(Section 361) of the Constitution states that "The Union recognizes special position of ```Buddhism``` as the faith professed by the great majority of the citizens of the Union." According to both the 2016 census of the Burmese government Buddhism is the dominant religion, of By first shedding light on the historical origins of the conflict, this piece outlines the key triggers and social and political contexts in which inter-religious violence involving the Rohingya has occurred. They can also inspire nearly unfathomable acts of love and peacebuilding. Inflation Rate in Myanmar averaged 12.95 percent from 1998 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 54.02 percent in December of 2002 and a record low of -1.09 percent in December of 2011. They can inspire horrific violence. On-the-ground reality may vary from what is presented here. One of the reasons for the falling fertility rates and birth rates is the increasing number of unmarried women in addition to the increased access to contraception. In this video, we will explore the various aspects of Myanmar's religion, including its history, beliefs, practices, and the role of religion in Burmese society.We will take a closer look at the different religious practices that exist in Myanmar, including Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. In 1983, the fertility rate was 5 births per woman. Web Chart and table of Myanmar population from 1950 to 2023. Religion in Myanmar. The overwhelming majority of Myanmars population practices Theravada Buddhismaround 88 percent. Christians make up just 6 percent of the population, 4 percent of the population is Muslim, 0.8 percent is animist, and 0.05 percent practice Hinduism. WebQuintana visited Myanmar in March 2010 and called for the establishment of a U.N. Commission of Inquiry to investigate Myanmars violations of international humanitarian and human rights law and to recommend appropriate redress.32 Quintana reiterated this appeal a year later in March 2011 and then again that summer, but to no avail.33 World Population Prospects (2022 Revision). Each Buddhist aspires to achieve this experience of enlightenment. [8] Michael Tanchum, The Buddhist-Muslim Violence in Myanmar: A Threat to Southeast Asia, The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, BESA Center Perspectives Paper, No. The second narrative espoused in the growing Burman-Buddhist nationalist movement is that the Rohingya started it. That is, Rohingya throughout history have rarely followed Burmese national interests, instead several times having threatened Myanmars newfound sovereignty. Some may not be viable and/or have incorrect Progress Scale values, population, language and religion information. [9] Jane Perlez, Rise in Bigotry Fuels Massacre Inside Myanmar, New York Times (March 2, 2014), http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/world/asia/rise-in-bigotry-fuels-mass. WebThe United Nations Statistics Division collects, compiles and disseminates official demographic and social statistics on a wide range of topics. [18] Policies of Persecution Ending Abusive State Policies Against Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, Fortify Rights (25 February 2014), http://www.fortifyrights.org/downloads/Policies_of_Persecution_Feb_25_F. Click the image in the popup window for a people group profile. All rights reserved. It is a doctrine, a philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha contained in the Four Noble Truths: 1) The truth of suffering; 2) the cause of suffering; 3) the cessation of suffering and; 4) the path that leads to the cessation of suffering. The median age in Myanmar/Burma is 28.2 years of age, with a total life expectancy of approximately 68.2 years. Since the opening of Myanmar in 2011, President Thein Sein has pursued broad economic and political reforms of policies created by former military leaders. endstream endobj 37 0 obj <> endobj 38 0 obj <> endobj 39 0 obj <>stream Nearly 90% of the country is Buddhist, and most are members of the majority ethnic community known as Burmans. Skip to main content. One Buddhist nationalist monk, U Wirathu, was even described on the cover of Time Magazine as The Face of Buddhist Terror in 2013. Their children are often forced to participate in Buddhist rituals which take place at school every morning before class begins. In great need of spiritual renewal and commitment to biblical faith. [5] Imtiaz Ahmed, The Plight of the Stateless Rohingyas (Bangladesh: The University Press Limited, 2010).

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